Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) are known to cause:

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) are associated with anticholinergic effects due to their mechanism of action. These medications work by inhibiting the reuptake of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and serotonin, but they also block certain receptors, particularly the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. This blockade leads to a range of anticholinergic side effects, which can include dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, urinary retention, and confusion.

This affinity for anticholinergic receptors is a defining characteristic of TCAs, setting them apart from other classes of antidepressants that may have fewer or less pronounced anticholinergic effects. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for assessing the risks and benefits of prescribing TCAs, especially in populations that may be particularly sensitive to these side effects, such as the elderly.

In contrast, an increase in appetite is often reported with TCAs, but this is a secondary effect rather than a primary concern. The option regarding decreased anxiety is misleading, as while TCAs can help alleviate anxiety symptoms, they are primarily designated for treating depression. Enhanced cognitive function is not a typical effect associated with TCAs; in fact, cognitive impairment can occur due to their anticholinergic properties.